Well pump



J. E. HALL WELL PUMP Nov. 29, 1938.

Nov. 29, 1938.

J. HALL WELL PUMP Filed March 23, 193e 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. 29, 193s.

WELL PUMP Filed March 23, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 my ,i p 5. fw f AM y Q T d A/ g V j f P W Q w m|WWw|||||WuLr||lhrr |m-||||| Z. w 5 w 1. $7 z f n f .l a

Patented Nov. 29, i938 unirse STATES iim PATENT 15 Claims.

This invention relates to pumps and relates more particularly to well pumps. A general ob-l ject of the present invention is to provide a practical, simple and particularly eii'icient deep Well pump.

Another object of this invention is to provide a well pump that is operable to pump liquid from a deep well such as an oil well, and to pump or draw gas from the well with such liquid in desirable or regulable quantities.

Another object of this invention is to provide va well pump that does not embody stationary orA standing valves liable to become sanded up or made inoperative by accumulations of sand and other solid matter.

Another object of this invention is to provide a practical well pump that includes only two valves both of which travel or move with the reciprocating element of the pump and, therefore, do not become sanded up.

Another object of this invention is to provide a well pump in which the reciprocating element or plunger is under imposed fluid pressure or a hydraulic head during its entire movement which prevents lost motion in the rod and increases the eiciency of the pump.

Another object of this invention is to provide deep well pumping apparatus comprising two or more pumps of the character mentioned above, operated by a single operating rod or sucker rod within a single tubing. The present invention contemplates the provision of two or more pumps of the character mentioned when the depth of the well makes it impractical to employ a single pump and the several pumps are such that they may be arranged on a single oil tubing to pump therethrough and to be operated by a single sucker rod.

Another object of this invention is to provide well pumping apparatus of the character mentioned that is such that the two or more pumps may be readily run into and pulled from the tubing without removing the tubing from the well.

Another object of this invention is to provide a deep well pump of the character mentioned that may be easily lifted from its support or seat to permit the oil tubing to be circulated or flushed out. p Another object of this invention is to provide a well pump that may be successfully operated to pump a relatively large amountof gas and a relatively small amount of oil from awell in which the gas production predominates Without producing undesirable gas locks in the pump.

Another object of this invention is to provide (El. S-179) a pump of the character mentioned in which the inlet is constantly reciprocating preventing the accumulation of bodies of sand and shale which may be drawn into the pump, which reciprocation of the inlet also breaks up foreign matter in the 5 Well liquid and Works a large percentage of the gas out of the oil before it enters the pump.

A further object of this invention is to provide a well pump in which the emulsifying ofthe pumped liquid in the pump and oil tubing is re- 10 duced or materially lessened.

The various other objects and features of my invention will be fully understood from the following detailed description of typical preferred forms and applications of the invention, through- .l5 out which description reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a pump of the present invention arranged in operating position in a well, the tubing and' protective shell appear- 20 ing in vertical cross section. Fig. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal detailed sectional view of the pump being a view taken substantially as indicated by line 2-2 on Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal detailed sectional View of the intermediate portion of the pump being a view taken as indicated by line 3-3 on Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal detailed sectional view of the lower portion of the pump being a view taken as indicated by line 4-4 on Fig. 1. Fig. 5 30 is an enlarged transverse detailed sectional View taken as indicated 'by line 5?-5 on Fig. 2. Figs. 6 and 7 are enlarged transverse detailed sectional views taken as indicated by lines -S and l-l', respectively, on Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is an enlarged 35 fragmentary vertical detailed .sectional View of the valve assembly. Fig. 9 is-a side elevation of a form of the invention embodying two pumps. Fig. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal detailed sectional view taken substantially as in- Adicated by line Ill- I0 on Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical detailed sectional view taken as indicated by line lI-Ii on Fig. 9.

Fig. l2 is a sectional diagrammatic view of the pump illustrated in Figs. l to 8, inclusive, and Fig. 13 is a sectional diagrammatic view of the pump means illustrated in Fig. 9.

The improved pump of the present invention is adapted for the pumping of oil wells and other deep Wells and when a Well is very deep it is advisable to employ two or more of the pumps to operate in unison or on a single pump rod. I will first proceed with a detailed description of a single pump as employed in the pumping of an oil well or the like, and Will then describe 'the 55 manner in which two or more pumps may be used in pumping a well.

The well pump of the present invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 8, inclusive, and Fig. 12 of the drawings includes, generally, a barrel III and a plunger II related for relative reciprocation, a lower valve I2 carried by the plunger II, an upper valve or carrying valve I3 on the plunger H, and other parts, the details and functions of which will be hereinafter described.

The barrel I0 and the plunger II are telescopically related for relative reciprocation. It is preferred to support the barrel I0 on a tubing T in a well and to reciprocate the plunger II in the barrel to effect the pumping action, it being understood that the plunger II may be normally held stationary and the barrel reciprocated, if desired. The barrel III is an elongate tubular structure adapted to be removably secured or tted in the lower end portion of the string of tubing T. 'Ihe barrel I0 is preferably sectional comprising an upper section I4 and a lower section I5. `A swedge bushing I6 is threaded on the upper end portion of the upper barrel section I4 and is provided with an external downwardly and inwardly inclined surface I1. A shoe member I8 is threaded on the lower end of the tubing T and has an internal downwardly and inwardly inclined seat I9. The surface I'I of the bushing I6 is adapted to cooperate with the seat I9 to suspend or support the barrel I0 on the tube T and the cooperation of the surface I'I with the seat I9 provides an eective seal between the bushing I6 and the shoe member I8. The shoe member I8 on the lower end of the tubing T may have a socket 20 in its lower end. A tubular shell 2| may have its upper end threaded in this socket 20 to project downwardly from the member I8. The shell 2| surrounds the barrel I0 with suitable clearance and serves to protect the pump barrel. The shell 2| may enclose the major portion of the barrel and its lower end may be open to the well. The pump barrel III includes a coupling member 22 connecting its two sections I4 and I5. The lower portion of the upper section I4 may be threaded on the upper p01'- tion of the member 22.

The lower barrel section I5 is of less diameter than the upper section I4 andl is threaded into a socket 23 in the lower end of the member 22. The coupling member 22 has a central longitudinal opening 24 provided with an annular downwardly facing shoulder 25. The lower section I5 of the barrel I0 is of substantial length and is provided at its lower end with a guide shoe 26. 'I'he shoe 26 has a central longitudinal opening 2l and an upwardly facing internal annular shoulder 28. A packing liner or packing and guide bushing 29 is preferably provided on the interior of the lower section I5 of the barrel I0. The bushing 29 may be sectional, as shown in the drawings, and is clamped between the shoulders 25 and 28. It is believed that it will be apparent how proper assembling or threading on of the coupling member 22 and the shoe 26 operates to clamp the packing bushing 29 against movement in the barrel section I5.

In the preferred pump structure illustrated in the drawings the plunger II is the displacing element of the pump being a differential plunger reciprocable by the sucker rod R extending longitudinally through the tubing T from the pump jack or pump operating means at the surface of the ground. The plunger II is an elongate tubular assembly extending longitudinally l through the barrel I0 and projecting from the lower end of the barrel. The plunger I I includes an upper tubular section 36 operable longitudinally in the upper section I4 of the barrel I0. A ported connection is provided to connect the upper plunger section 30 with the rod R. The connection includes a collar 3| threaded on the upper end portion of the section 3U. The lower end of the `collar 3l forms a downwardly facing shoulder 32. A threaded socket 33 is provided in the upper end of the collar 3| and the collar has a longitudinal opening 34 directly communicating with the longitudinal opening 35 of the plunger section 30. A connecting member 36 is threaded on the usual pin 31 on the lower end of the rod R and the member 36 has a threaded pin 38 on its lower end threaded into fthe socket 33. The member 36 is provided with an opening 39 having its lower end in communication with the opening 34 and the opening 35. Ports 40 in the wall of the member 36 place the upper end of the opening 39 in communication with the interior of the barrel I0. The upper section 30 of the plunger II carries sealing or packing means for providing a fluid seal between the plunger and the interior of the upper barrel section I4. Sleeves 4I surround the upper plunger section 30 between the shoulder 32 and a nut 42 threaded on the lower portion of the plunger section 30. The series of sleeves 4| is clamped between the nut 42 and the shoulder 32. The sleeves 4I are provided with vertically spaced external annular grooves 43. The groves 43 are adapted to carry liquid which forms a liquid seal between the interior of the barrel section I4 and the sleeves 4| to form a seal between the lplunger and the barrel.

The plunger II includes a lower section 44 operable in the lower portion of the barrel section I4 and extending through the lower barrel section I5. The plunger section 44 is tubular having a central longitudinal opening 45. The cages of the valves I2 and I3 connect the sections 3U and 44 of the plunger II as will be hereinafter described. The lower plunger section 44 extends through and slidably cooperates with the guiding and packing bushing 29. In practice the bushing 29 is of substantial length to have extensive sealing cooperation with the plunger section 44 and to effectively guide the lower end portion of the plunger in the barrel I6. The lower plunger section 44 projects downwardly beyond the lower end of the barrel section I5 and its lower end is open tc receive the fluid from the well.

A stop or projection may be provided on the low-er end of the plunger section 44 to cooperate with the lower end of the shoe 26. In the form of the invention illustrated in the drawings this stop is in the formof nuts 46 threaded on the lower portion of the section 44. The projection 46 is adapted to cooperate with the lower end of the shoe 26 when the pump is run into the tubing T on the sucker rod R and when it is desired to ush out the tubing T or remove the pump from the tubing. It .is to be understood that the projection 46 does not engage the shoe 2'6 during the formal reciprocation or operation of the plunger I I. From the above description of the plunger II it will be seen that the plunger is guided and sea-led about at vertically spaced zones within the barrel III. It is to be noted that the lower section 44 of the plunger which extends into the upper section I4 of the barrel I0 is materially smaller in diameter than the opening of the barrel section I4 thus providing a chamber 'C in the barrel which constitutes the displacement chamber ofthe pump.

The valve I2 is carried by the plunger II to prevent the escape or downward ow of the fluid from the chamber C through the opening 45 during the down stroke of the plunger II, whereby fluid in the chamber C is displaced upwardly from the chamber to flow through the valve I3 into the tubing T. A connecting member 41 is threaded on the upper end of the plunger section 44 and has an upwardly projecting pin 48. An opening 4S extends vertically through the member 41 and communicates with the opening 45. The valve I2 includes a valve seat 50 on the upper end of the pin 48 and a ball orvalve proper 5I for cooperating with the seat 56. A cage 52 is threaded on the pin 48 to clamp the seat 50 in place and to prevent the loss or displacement of the valve 5I. The cage 52 has a chamber 53 in which .the ball or valve 5I operates and-ports 54 place this chamber 53 in communication with the displacement chamber C. In practice the cage 52 may be of substantial length and may be provided with a central longitudinal opening 55 whose lower end is in communication with the ports 54.

The valve I3 is the carrying valve of the pum and operates during the up stroke of the plunger II to retain or trap the uid displaced into the opening 35 from the chamber C and to raise this fluid and the column of iluid in the tubing T. The upper valve I3 includes a seat 53, a ball or valve proper 5'I for cooperating with the seat 56 and a cage 58 for the valve 57. The seat 56 may be provided on the upper end of the cage 52 to surround the upper end of its opening 55. The ball or valve 5'1 is adapted to seat downwardly on the seat 56 to cose the upper end of the opening 55. The cag-e 58 is threaded on the upper end portion of the cage 52 and has a shoulder 59 engaging the seat 56 to hold it in position. A chamber 60 is provided in the cage 55 to carry the valve 5l. A connecting member 5i is threaded on the lower end part of the upper plunger section 36 and the cage 58 is threaded on the member 6I. The above described nut i2v may serve to lock the connecting member 6i in place. A central longitudinal opening 62 in the member 6I communicates with the opening 35 in the plunger section 30 and has its lower end in communication with the valve chamber El). A ported baie 463 is provided on the member 6I at the lower end of the opening 62 to prevent the valve 5l from closing' the lower end of the opening 62 during the flow of uid upwardly through the opening. The cage 58 and the connecting member 6I may have cooperating sealing surfaces 64 which engage to provide a fluid tight seal when the ports are properly assembled.

In the operation of the pump illustrated in Figs. l to 8, inclusive, and Fig. l2 of the drawings the pump parts may be assembled as shown inthe drawings and the member 36 may be threaded on the pin 31 to secure the plunger II to the rod R. The shoe 26 is adapted to engage the projection 46 to support the barrel I0 on the plunger. Thus the barrel I0 is carried by the plunger which in turn is secured to the rod R so that the pump may'be run through the tubing T on the rod. When the pump reaches its operating position the barrel Il] is adapted to project downwardly through the opening in the shoe I8 and the surface I'I is adapted to cooperate with the seat I9 to support or. suspend the barrel in its final position. The cooperation of the surface I'I with the seat I9 also provides a seal between the barrel I6 and the shoe I8. With the bushing I6 seated in the shoe I8 the pump is in con'dition for operation. It may be desirable to seat or position the pump so that the lower end vof the barrel I0 is spaced some distance above the level L of the liquid in the well as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. If the pump is set in this manner the lower portion of the lower plunger section 44 is alternately dipped into and drawn from the liquid in the well as the plunger reciprocates.

During the up stroke of the plunger II the valve 51 cooperates with its seat 56 to lift the liquid in the opening 35 and to raise the column in the tubing T. During the upward stroke of the plunger I I a reduced pressure develops in the displacement chamber C. This reduced pressure is caused by the upward movement in the chamber C of the parts 52, 58, 6I, 4l, etc., of the plunger which are of larger diameter than the plunger section 44 and their upward movement in the plunger C creates the reduced pressure. This reduction in pressure in the chamber C results in opening of the valve 5I and the inow of uid from the well through the opening 45. `Assuming that the plunger I I begins its upward stroke from a position where its lower end is submerged in the liquid of the well, liquid is drawn through the opening 45 into the chamber C during the initial phase of the upward movement of the plunger. When the lower end of the plunger section 44 emerges from the liquid in the well, gas from the well is drawn through the opening 45 into the chamber C. Thusa quantity of liquid ls first drawn into the chamber C and a quantity of gas is then drawn into the chamber C during each up stroke of the plunger II.

When the plunger I I begins its down stroke the valve 5I iirst closes and the Agas in the chamber C is compressed. As the downward movement of the plunger continues the gas in the chamber C is compressed until the pressure on the gas is sufcient to unseat the valve 5'I whereupon the gas and then the liquid are displaced from the chamber C through the openings 55 and 62 into the tubing T. From the above it will be seen that the pump of the present invention is operable to pump or obtain a relatively large amount of gas with respect to the quantity of liquid pumped in a manner which eliminates the possibility of gas locks in the pump chamber when the pump is in operation. The plunger II described above and reciprocating in the barrel I 0 is under a fluid pressure or head during the up stroke as well as the down stroke. The tubing T is likewise under a continuous head or down pressure. Thus the weight of the column of fluid in the tubing T is divided so that a part of the weight is on the tubing and a part of the weight is on the rod R eliminating the slack or play in the tubing when the plunger is moving upwardly and eliminating the slack in the rod R during the down stroke of the plunger. As there is no slack or play in the rod R or the tubing T the pump may be operated at a comparatively high rate of speed to provide a greater production and there is a minimum of emu`sincaticn of the oil because of whipping oi the rods, etc.

The valves I2 and I3 are both carried by the reciprocating plunger II so that there is little or no danger of sand or otherV solid matter accumulating in the valves to interfere with their free operation. The portion of the plunger pro-l operates to break up 4any accumulation of solid matter at the intake of the pump and the reciprocation of the plunger in the body of liquid at the intake of the pump removes a quantity of the gas from the liquid. When it becomes desirable to flush out the tubing T the reciprocation of the pump rod R is suspended and the rod is raised so that the projection I6 engages the shoe'26 to lift the barrel I0. Thus the barrel I0 may be raised with the rod R to lift the surface I1 from the seat I9. 'I'his freeing of the bushing I6 from the shoe I8 allows the tubing to be flushed out. When it becomes desirable to remove the pump from the well the rod R is merely raised so that the projection 46 engages the shoe 26 to cause the barrel II) to be moved upwardly with the plunger II and the rod R whereby the entire pump is drawn upwardly through the tubing T without necessitating the withdrawal lof the tubing from the well.

The invention contemplates the interconnectingv of several pumps of the character described above. Figs. 9 to l1, inclusive, and Fig. 13 illustrate the pump described above and a second pump ofl the same character associated to be operable by the single operating rod R and to produce or deliver the iiuld through the single tubing T. 'I'he two or more pumps may be spaced apart vertically along the tubing T as found necessary. In the drawings the protective shell 2| of the upper pump is provided at its lower end with a. coupling 66. Tubing T1 is threaded to the coupling 66 and extends downwardly to the second or lower pump. The tubing T1 may be of the same diameters the tubing T and may be of any length. A shoe or coupling member III* is threaded at the lower end of the tubing T1. 'I'he member lsymay be identical with the member I8 except that its opening and seat I9* are smaller than the opening and seat of the member I8. The barrel IIJa ofthe second or lower pump carries at its upper end a bushing Iiial having an inclined surface Il for cooperating with the seat ISB. A protective seal 2|* is threaded to the shoe or member I8a to extend downwardly and enclose the barrel I0 of the second pump. The barrel Ille,y the plunger II and the valves of the second or lower pump may be of the same construction and operation as the corresponding elements of the upper pump. The projecting lower end of the plunger II extending -from thelower end of the barrel I Il* is adapted to receive the fluid from the well as shown in the drawings. A coupling I5 connects the rod R1.- with the lower end of the plunger section I4 of the upper pump.

Ports I6 are provided in the coupling to place the opening 45 in communication with the tubing T1. Thus the inlet or receiving opening 45 of the upper Apump is in communication with theinterior of the tubing -T1. The rod R1 extends downwardly through the tubing T1 to the plunger IIB. The pin 31* on the rod R1 may be threaded into a socket TI in the member 36'. Thus the barrels I0 and I0 are interposed in or are carried by the tubing T--T1 and the plungers II and II* of the pumps are carried by the rod R-R1 to be operated simultaneously.

The pumps` shown in Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive, and Fig. 13 operate in thesame manner as the above described single pump except that the lower pump discharges into the tubingT1 and the upper pump receives the fluid from the tubing T1 and discharges into the tubing T. The two interconnected pumps may be readily operated simultaneously by the single rod R and produce or deliver the fluid through the single tubing T-T1. The l two pumps may be raised by means of the rod R-R1 to permit the flushing oi the tubing T-Tl' and may be run into and withdrawn from the tubing on the single rod.

Having described only typical preferred forms and applications of my invention, I do not wish to be limited or'restricted to the speciiic details herein setforth, but wish to reserve to myself any variations or modiiications that may appear to those skilled in the art or fall within the scope of the following claims:

, Having described my invention, I claim:

1'. A well pump i'or use in a tubing having a seat comprising, a tubular barrel to be lowered through the tubing, the barrel having a part to cooperate with the seat and having an upper portion and a lower portion ofA reduced internal diameter, a tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel and per portion of the barrel and a reduced lower portion operating in the lower portion of the barrel and extending into theA upper portion of the barrel to leave a chamber therein, the plunger having a surface exposed to the downward force exerted by the column of iluid in the tubing, the eilective area of said surface being larger than the cross sectional area of the chamber whereby said force may move the plunger downwardly during its down stroke to displace the fluid from the chamber, means on the upper portion of the plunger for shiftably sealing with the interior oi the upper portion of the barrel, means in the lower portion of the barrel sealing about the lower portion of the plunger, there being a port in the plunger placing the passage therein in communication with the chamber, the lower end of said passage being adapted to receive the fluid, a valve on the lower portion of the plunger operable to close the passage therein during the down stroke of the plunger, and a valve carried by the upper portion of the plunger operable to close communication .between the passage therein and the chamber during the up stroke of the end to receive fluid, there being a chamber in the barrel and a port in the plunger placing its interior in communication' with the chamber, valves on the plunger above and below the poi-'t governing the passage to eii'e'ct a pumping action during reciprocation of the plunger, and a part on the projecting lower portion of the plunger engageable with the barrel whereby the plunger may carry the barrel through the tubing.

3. Well pumping apparatus comprising', a. tubi ing, vertically spaced pumps. each comprising a barrel, and a plunger reciprocable in the barrel, the Vuppermost pump comprisin a partcooperating with the tubing to suspend aid pump, and a shell around its barrel, the lower pump comprising a part cooperating with said shell to support said lower pump on the shell, an operating rod extending through the tubing and connected with the plunger of the upper pump, and a rod connecting the plungers of the pumps.

4. Well pumping apparatus comprising, a tubing, verticallyspaced pumps each comprising a barrel, and a plunger reciprocable in the barrel,

theV uppermost pump comprising a part cooperating with the tubing to suspend said pump, and a shell around its barrel and carrying the barrel of the lower pump, an operating rod extending through the tubing and connected with the plunger of the upper pump, and means connecting the plungers of the pumps.

5. A well pump for use in a well having a tubing comprising, a barrel to be carried by the tubing, a tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel and projecting from the lower end of the barrel to receive fluid, the plunger having an upwardly facing surface exposed to the head of fluid in the tubing, the interior kof the barrel comprising a chamber through which the plunger extends, the cross sectional area of the chamber being less than the area of said surface whereby the hydrostatic pressure in the tubing may assist in moving the plunger downwardly during its down stroke, means connected with the plunger for reciprocating the same, a valve carried by the plunger operable to admit uid from the plunger to the chamber during the up stroke of the plunger and closed during the down stroke of the plunger and located to move through the chamber during said strokes, and a valve carried by the plunger allowing the passage of fluid from the chamber upwardly through the plunger during the down stroke of the plunger and closed during the up stroke of the plunger.

6. An elongate well pump for use on a tubing comprising, a tubular barrel to be suspended from the tubing and having an upper portion and a lower portion of less diameter than the said upper portion, a tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel and shiftably sealed with the walls of said portions at longitudinally spaced points, the interior of said barrel between said points forming a chamber, the plunger having a surface exposed to the downward force exerted by the column of fluid in the tubing, the eiective area of said surface being larger than the cross sectional area of the chamber whereby said force may assist in moving the plunger downwardly during its down stroke to displace the fluid from the chamber, an operating rod connected with the plunger to reciprocate the same, a valve carried by the plunger to move vertically in the chamber and operable to govern communication between the fluid admitting lower portion of the plunger and the chamber,` and a valvev carried by the plunger governing communication between the fluid discharging upper portion of the chamber and the chamber.

7 A well pump for use on a tubing comprising, a tubular barrel, a diierential tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel, there being a chamber in the barrel from which the fluid is displaced upwardly through the plunger during the down stroke of the plunger, vertically spaced ports in the plunger having communication with said chamber, the` plunger having a surface exposed to the downward force exerted by the column of uid in the tubing, the eiective area of said surface being larger than the cross sectional area of the chamber whereby said force may move th? plunger downwardly during its down stroke to displace the uid from the chamber, a downwardly seating valve on the plunger controlling the lower port to allow ow of uid through the lower portion of the plunger to the chamber, and a downwardly seating valve on the plunger controlling the upper port to allow the flow of fluid Aupwardly through the upper portion of the plunger.

8. A well pump for use on a tubing comprising, a tubular barrel to be connected with thetubing, a dierential tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel and projecting from the lower end of the barrel to receive the well fluid, there being a cham- ,I

ber in the barrel from which the fluid is displaced upwardly through the plunger during the down stroke of the plunger, the plunger having a surface exposed to the downward force exerted 'by the column of fluid in the tubing, the effectivefarea of said surface being larger than the cross sectional area of the chamber whereby said force lmay move the plunger downwardly during its down stroke to displace the fluid from the chamber, vertically spaced ports in the plunger having communication with said chamber, a downwardly seating valve on the plunger controlling the lower port to, govern the ,fluid flow through the lower portion of the plunger, and a downwardly seating valve on the plunger controlling the upper port to govern the fluid flow through the upper portion of the plunger. v

y 9. A well pump for use with a tubing comprising, a tubular barrel to be connected with the tubing and havingl an upper portion and a lower portion of reduced internal diameter, means for connecting the barrel with the tubing, a tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel and comprising an upper portion operating in the upper portion of the barrel and a reduced lower portion operating in the lower portion of the barrel and extending into the upper portion of the barrel to leave a chamber therein, there being a port in the plunger communicating with the chamber, the plunger vhaving a surface exposed to the downward force exerted by the column of fluid in the tubing, the eiective area of said surface being larger than the cross sectional area of the chamber whereby said force may vmove the plunger downwardly during itsdown stroke to displace the fluid from the chamber, the lower end of the plunger being adapted to receive the well fluid, a valve in the lower portion of the plunger operable to `close the same during the down stroke of the plunger, and a valve carried by the upper portion of the plunger above the rst mentioned valve operable to close communication between the plunger and the chamber during the upstroke of the plunger.

10. A well pump for use on a tubing comprising, a barrel to be connected with the tubing and having an upper portion and a lower portion of reduced internal diameter, a tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel and comprising an upper portion operating in the upper portion of the barrel and a reduced lower portion operating in the lower portion of the barrel and extending into the upper portion of the barrel to leave a chamber therein, the plunger having a surface exposed to the downward force exerted by the column of fluid in the tubing, the eiective area of said surface being larger than the cross sectional area of the chamber .whereby said force may move the plunger downwardly during its down stroke to displace the fluid from the chamber, a ported valve` cage connecting said portions of the plunger, a Valve in said cage operable to close'the passage in the lower portion of the tubular plunger `during the down stroke of the plunger, and a valve in said cage operable to close communication between the chamber and the passage in the upper portion of the plunger during the upstroke of the plunger.

11. A well pump for use in a tubing comprising, a tubular barrel having an upper portion and a lower portion of reduced internal diameter,

means for mounting vthe barrel inthe tubing, al

tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel and comprising an upper portion operating in the upper portion of the barrel and a reduced lower portion operating in the lower portion of the barrel and extending into the upper portion of the barrel to leave a chamber therein,- the plunger having a surface exposed to the downward force exerted by the column of fluid in the tubing, the effective area of said surface being larger than the cross sectional area of the cham- U ber whereby said force may assist in moving the plunger downwardly during its down stroke to displace the fluid from the chamber, means carried by the upper portion of the plunger for shiftably sealing with the interior of the upper portion of the barrel,- there being a port in the plunger placing the passage therein in communication with the chamber, the lower end of said passage being adapted to receive the fluid, a valve in the lower portion of the `plunger at said port operable to close the passage therein during the down stroke of the plunger, and a valve carried by the upper portion of the plunger operable to close communication between the passage therein and the chamber during the up stroke of the plunger.

12. Well pumping apparatus comprising, a tubing, vertically spaced pumps each comprising a barrel, and a plunger reciprocable in the barrel, the uppermost pump comprising a part cooperating with the tubing to suspend said pump, means for connecting its plunger with an operating member, and a shell around its barrel, the lower pump comprising a part cooperating with said shell to support said lower pump on the shell, the plunger of the lower pump being connected with the plunger of the uppermost pump so that the pumps operate in series.

13. A well pump for use in a well having a tubing, said pump comprising, a barrel to be connected with thel tubing, a differential plunger reciprocable in the barrel, exposed to the head pressure in the tubing and adapted to receive fluid from the well at its lower end, the interior of the barrel comprising a chamber through which the plunger passes, the plunger having a longitudinal passage with its upper end in com'- munication with the chamber, the lower end of the passage being adapted to receive fluid from the well, a valve on the plunger at the upper end o! its passage for controlling communication between the chamber and the fluid receiving end of the plunger passage, the area of the plunger exposed to the downward force of the head pressure in the tubing' being` greater than the cross sectional area of theschamber whereby said head pressure may assist in moving the plunger downwardly during its down stroke, and a valve on the plunger governing communication between the chamber and the iluid discharging end of the plunger. Wi

14. A well pump for use in a well having a tubing comprising, a barrel to be lowered into the tubing, means for mounting the barrel in the tubing, a tubular plunger reciprocable in the barrel and operable to receive fluid at its lower end, the plunger presenting a surface subject to the downward pressure exerted by the column of iluid in the tubing, the interior of the barrel comprising a chamber through which the plunger extends, the cross sectional area of the chamber being less than the area of said surface, a valve on the plunger movable through the chamber and governing communication between the chamber and the fluid admitting end of the plunger, and a valve on the plunger governing communication between the chamber and the uid discharging end of the plunger.

15. A well pump comprising, a tubular barrel to be suspended from a tubing, a tubular plunger reciprocable in'the barrel and adapted to receive iluid through its lower end, means on the exterior of the plunger sealing with the barrel, mean sN on the interior of the barrel spaced below the rst mentioned meanssealing with the plunger, the said means being spaced so that'there is a chamber formed in the pump between said means, the plunger having a surface exposed to the downward force exerted by the column of uid in the tubing, the eiective area of said surface being larger than the cross sectional area of the chamber whereby said force may move the plunger downwardly during its down stroke to displace the fluid from the chamber, a valve carried by the plunger to have movement in the chamber and governing communication between the chamber and lower portion rof the tubular plunger, and a valve carried by the plunger governing communication between the chamber and the fluid discharging upper portion of the plunger.

. JESSE E; HALL. 

